FERTILIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E ORGÂNICA NA CULTURA DO MILHO E SUAS INTERFERÊNCIAS NO pH DO SOLO

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays) is a crop of enormous economic importance in Brazil and worldwide. Although Brazilian productivity is much lower than in other countries, the 19/20 record production of 102.5 million tons. For the 20/21 harvest, including the three harvests that occur in Brazil, the estimate is the highest of the historical series of corn culture, totaling 105.2 million tons. For the increase of productivity, the soil is one of the limiting factors for production. Without the correct adaptation to the nutrient and pH contents, can lead to large losses at the end of production. In acidic soils, the basic elements for the development of plants they are trapped in the colloids of the soil and, therefore, unavailable. In such a way, the objective of this work was to evaluate if the organic and organomineral fertilizers can improve the pH and chemical attributes of the ideal soil for maize production, and, also evaluate responses in the corn plant. Corn was planted in soil where never been cultivated before, in a pasture area. There were three treatments, without fertilization, strictly organic fertilization with cattle manure and fertilization with fertilizer organomineral. A randomized block design (DBC) was used, with three treatments, four blocks and six repetitions. At the end of the experiment, samples were taken soils, for pH analysis and nutrient content. Plant height was also evaluated, ear length, ear weight, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area. The soil analysis data were analyzed in a descriptive manner, and the vegetative and of production were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test, and when significant, the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability, using the SISVAR software for analysis. At the end of the experiment, manure treatments cattle and organomineral fertilizers were able to increase soil pH and improve levels of essential soil nutrients. For vegetative and productive data, the treatment with organominerals was superior to the others. However, how only in one harvest is further study necessary to conclude the effectiveness of these improvements.