CARCINOMA MAMÁRIO EM CADELAS: revisão de literatura

Abstract

The interaction of the tutor with his pet is more and more frequent. Due to this fact, the concern with the health, well-being and longevity of animals has been increasingly highlighted. Thus, the search for the veterinarian becomes more frequent nowadays. One of the main reasons why tutors take their pets to the veterinary clinic is breast cancer. A female hysterectomized later, between 8 and 10 years old, is the most susceptible gender to this type of pathology. Half of the neoplasms observed in dogs have malignancy, which has genetic, hormonal and environmental factors in its genesis. Neoplastic transformation is multifactorial and the development of mammary tumors in bitches is largely dependent on hormones. Thus, bitches hysterectomized before the first heat, the incidence of breast tumor is 0.5%; 8% after the first heat and 26% after two or more cycles. Among the malignant neoplasms, there is a subset of breast carcinomas that present as simple tumors, derived from mutant epithelial progenitor cells. Complex carcinomas, on the other hand, contain several forms of differentiation within a single affected mammary gland. The main complaint of tutors when seeking veterinary medical care is the presence of nodules in one or more of the animal's breasts, which can range from nodules less than 0.5 cm in diameter, to nodules larger than 5 cm. The diagnosis of cancer is made through the patient's history and anamnesis, clinical histological and cytological exams. To address the condition, additional imaging tests are suggested and the choice of treatment is made based on the particularities of the patient's pathology, which involves the staging of the disease having as a parameter the lymph node affection as well as the number of nodules and the presence of metastases from a distance. The most indicated treatment is surgical, because if the technique is chosen correctly, it can provide a cure for the disease in that animal. Mastectomy is the most indicated approach for excision of nodules. The criteria for selecting the technique need to take into account the characteristics of the pathology in each patient. Ovariohysterectomy can be used as a prognostic and predictive factor for patients with breast cancer.