ANEMIA HEMOLÍTICA AUTOIMUNE: uma correlação sobre algumas doenças predisponentes a sua manifestação

Abstract

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a disease that can be caused by the presence of hot, cold or large thermal amplitude antibodies and eventually manifests as a result of certain preexisting underlying pathologies. Its presence can be a primary manifestation of the classic symptoms of the underlying disease or a secondary manifestation to an already established pathology. Anemia triggered by the action of antibodies is a pathology that can accompany hematological disorders, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, in addition to some infectious conditions. Knowledge about the mechanisms that can trigger this type of anemia, from these underlying diseases, contributes to the diagnosis of the underlying pathology and also to improve the prognosis when it is already confirmed, thus increasing quality of life or even restoring health effectively. This study aims to describe certain diseases that may have autoimmune hemolytic anemia as part of their clinical course, based on a literature review using the hypothetical deductive method. These diseases, when they are infectious, can modify erythrocyte proteins, as well as trigger a cross-reaction with the antigen, giving rise to the destruction of these cells. Other factors for autoimmunity can be the loss of self-tolerance and the production of autoantibodies directed against other self-antigens, which also start to recognize the erythrocyte membrane as a foreign antigen. Antibodies that cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia, when there is an underlying disease, normally target the erythrocytes from genetic or related factors.