AVALIAÇÃO DOS MECANISMOS DE RESISTÊNCIA BACTERIANO

Abstract

In recent decades, the world population has been going through a serious problem related to the great increase in bacterial resistance, resulting in a therapy with no choice, since several microorganisms are resistant to more than one antibiotic. In the hospital environment, this problem is felt more, with the immunocompromised bedridden being the most affected. Bacteria resistance mechanisms are several, but those related to enzyme production are one of the main ones, being able to inactivate the antimicrobial action, such as the production of ß-lactamase, being firstly found in Escherichia coli bacteria. The ESBL extended-spectrum ß-lactamase enzymes are mutations that increase their spectrum of action, being capable of ceftazidime, and hydrolyzing the broad-spectrum del cephalosporins, such as cefotaxime and the monobactams, such as aztreonam. Several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are producers of this enzyme. Enterobacteriaceae are responsible for Bacteria belonging to the family for 80% of clinical isolates among gram-negative bacilli and represents 50% of isolates in microbiology laboratories. Due to their resistance, they are responsible for 50% of sepsis cases and 70% of urinary tract infections (UTI). Gram-positive bacteria are taking on new standards of importance, due to reports of resistance, and attention is not only focused on gram-negative bacteria, among the main gram-positive pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. Antibiotics are the only drugs that not only affect the patient, but also change the ecology of Jocal as can be seen in the hospital environment, health professionals being one of the main carriers of these microorganisms, often carrying multiresistant bacteria to patients, causing greater inconvenience. They are divided into classes, where several characteristics are particular to the classes, such as: bacteriostatics or bactericides, their origin, natural or synthetic, their action against gram-positives or gram-negatives, and their place of action.