ANÁLISE DE FALHAS MECÂNICAS EM MÁQUINAS DE PRODUÇÃO DE UMA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL

Abstract

One of the main disorders in an industrial plant is the failure of a production machine. The unplanned outages cause many losses to industries. The costs of a unexpectedly break are high and elevate in large proportions the maintenance and production expenses. In the textile industry this is no different. In addition, there are others negative factors related: difficulty of planning and production control, overload and stress on maintenance and operation teams, large amount of yarn rejected, delay in production and in delivery of the products, and the lack of safety for the workers. Therefore, this work subject to present solutions and propose changes in the maintenance and operation process in machines of a textile industry in order to reduce the mechanical failures and, consequently, the losses with unscheduled outages. For this, were discussed the main topics related to the concept and the evolution of the maintenance and the techniques used, such as preventive, predictive and maintenance engineering. Then, some of the main methods of analysis of failures in industrial equipment and the main performance indicators used were presented. From these concepts, a study was carried out involving texturizing machines, which are equipments for processing textile fibers, such as polyester and nylon. It was collected information about which techniques are appropriate for maintenance of these machines and which techniques are currently used for the purpose of comparison. Then, the main causes of mechanical failures were analysed through the application of tools such as FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), the MASP (Method of Analysis and Troubleshooting), RCFA (Root Cause Failure Analysis) and RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance). From this analysis, it was possible to propose actions related to courses for training maintainers, creation and revision of procedures, and changes in the process of maintenance, operation and development