REABILITAÇÃO E REFORÇO DE ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO: análise estrutural e dimensionamento do reforço de uma edificação residencial

Abstract

Concrete structures have high mechanical strength and excellent applicability in civil construction; but contrary to what their appearance appears, they are not perennial or eternal. Several factors can deteriorate this type of structure, making it vulnerable and susceptible to risks and possible failures; in addition, other aspects such as change of use for example, may make necessary the study, knowledge and application of techniques aimed at rehabilitation or structural reinforcement, aiming at the return, maintenance or alteration of the resistance parameters of the structures. Throughout the work, through a bibliographical review, the possible factors responsible for the deterioration of the structures were studied; methods and techniques of evaluation, addressing the evaluation techniques through destructible and non-destructible tests, as well as presenting the techniques and main characteristics of the materials used in the rehabilitation processes, highlighting the main stages of the processes. The main methods used to reinforce this type of structure were also discussed, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each one, characterizing and describing the most used, emphasizing the reinforcement by means of metallic profiles, glued steel sheets, section cladding and reinforcement by means of fiber reinforced polymers. The case study proposed the adaptation and transformation of a single-storey building in a 2-storey building. By means of the analyzes and verifications carried out, it was verified that 3 existing structural elements (slabs), would not allow the process of expansion only with its initial characteristics, making necessary the structural reinforcement of the same ones. Based on the studies carried out, the reinforcement was chosen by means of the casing or increase of the cross section of the elements, the reinforcement was dimensioned and considering the new geometry and characteristic of the section, all the checks were accomplished. Moreover, due to the lack of essential structural elements, the need for another type of structural reinforcement was reinforced by the introduction of new structural elements to enable the expansion project. The reinforcement was reinforced with elements of reinforced concrete, the work presented the complete dimensioning of these elements, from the launching and normative verifications until the detailing. Finally, the quantitative of the structural materials necessary for the execution of the expansion project was carried out.